Study: Twice-yearly Injections Cut HIV Infections by 100 Percent
2024-08-06
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1From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
2A new study has found that the twice-yearly injections of a treatment for AIDS were 100 percent effective in preventing new HIV infections in women.
3The U.S. drugmaker Gilead sells the drug treatment under the name Sunlenca.
4The drug is approved in the United States, Canada, Europe and in other places, but only as a treatment for HIV.
5The researchers ended the study early because of the surprisingly good results.
6All the people in the study were then offered the injection, or shot, also known as lenacapavir.
7Thandeka Nkosi helped run the Gilead research at the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation in Masiphumelele, South Africa.
8She said the idea of a twice-a-year shot is "quite revolutionary news."
9About 5,300 young women and girls in South Africa and Uganda took part in the study.
10Researchers reported that none of the women injected with the treatment became infected with HIV.
11Among those given daily prevention pills, about two percent became infected with HIV from infected sex partners.
12Gilead said it is waiting for results of testing in men before seeking permission to use it as protection against HIV.
13The New England Journal of Medicine published the results on July 24.
14Experts also discussed the study at an AIDS conference in Munich, Germany.
15Gilead paid for the study and some of the researchers are company employees.
16There are other ways to prevent HIV infection.
17These include devices like condoms or drugs taken daily by mouth.
18However, regular use has been a problem in Africa.
19In the new study, only about 30 percent of people given Gilead's Truvada or Descovy HIV prevention pills actually took them.
20That percentage also dropped over time.
21Nkosi said the twice-yearly injections give people a choice.
22She added that injections took away the "stigma around taking pills" to prevent HIV.
23As an HIV treatment, the drug costs more than $40,000 a year in the U.S. Health insurance companies pay part of the cost and patients pay the balance.
24People working to stop the spread of AIDS are interested in the Sunlenca shots.
25But they are concerned that Gilead has not agreed on a lower price for those who need the shots the most.
26"Gilead has a tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic," said Winnie Byanyima.
27She is executive director of the Geneva-based UNAIDS.
28She said the U.N. AIDS agency urged Gilead to share Sunlenca's patent with a U.N. program.
29The program's goal is to let generic drugmakers manufacture low-cost versions of drugs for poor countries.
30Dr. Helen Bygrave of Doctors Without Borders said in a statement that the injections could "reverse the epidemic if it is made available in the countries with the highest rate of new infections."
31She urged Gilead to publish a lower price for Sunlenca that all countries could pay.
32In other research presented at the AIDS conference, Andrew Hill of the University of Liverpool and others said the drug's price would go down.
33They estimated that once production of Sunlenca is expanded to treat 10 million people, the price would fall to about $40 per treatment.
34He said it was important for health officials to get Sunlenca as soon as possible.
35"This is about as close as you can get to an HIV vaccine," Hill said.
36Gilead said it would seek a "voluntary licensing program."
37It said a small number of generic producers would be permitted to make the drug.
38In a statement last month, Gilead said it was too early to say how much Sunlenca would cost in poorer countries.
39Dr. Jared Baeten is a product development official with Gilead.
40He said the company was already talking to generic drugmakers and understood how "deeply important it is that we move at speed."
41Byanyima said many groups need long-lasting protection from HIV infection.
42They include women and girls who are victims of violence and homosexual men in countries where homosexuality is criminalized.
43UNAIDS says that in 2022 46 percent of new HIV infections in the world were in women and girls.
44In Africa, females are three times more likely to get HIV than males, the U.N. group said.
45Recently, UNAIDS released a report on the state of the HIV epidemic.
46It said that fewer people were infected with HIV in 2023 than at any time since the late 1980s.
47The U.N. says HIV infects about 1.3 million people every year and kills more than 600,000, mainly in Africa.
48While much progress has been made in Africa, HIV infections are rising in Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.
49And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.
50I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Jill Robbins.
1From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report. 2A new study has found that the twice-yearly injections of a treatment for AIDS were 100 percent effective in preventing new HIV infections in women. 3The U.S. drugmaker Gilead sells the drug treatment under the name Sunlenca. The drug is approved in the United States, Canada, Europe and in other places, but only as a treatment for HIV. 4The researchers ended the study early because of the surprisingly good results. All the people in the study were then offered the injection, or shot, also known as lenacapavir. 5Thandeka Nkosi helped run the Gilead research at the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation in Masiphumelele, South Africa. She said the idea of a twice-a-year shot is "quite revolutionary news." 6About 5,300 young women and girls in South Africa and Uganda took part in the study. Researchers reported that none of the women injected with the treatment became infected with HIV. Among those given daily prevention pills, about two percent became infected with HIV from infected sex partners. 7Gilead said it is waiting for results of testing in men before seeking permission to use it as protection against HIV. 8The New England Journal of Medicine published the results on July 24. Experts also discussed the study at an AIDS conference in Munich, Germany. Gilead paid for the study and some of the researchers are company employees. 9There are other ways to prevent HIV infection. These include devices like condoms or drugs taken daily by mouth. However, regular use has been a problem in Africa. In the new study, only about 30 percent of people given Gilead's Truvada or Descovy HIV prevention pills actually took them. That percentage also dropped over time. 10Nkosi said the twice-yearly injections give people a choice. She added that injections took away the "stigma around taking pills" to prevent HIV. 11High cost of the drug 12As an HIV treatment, the drug costs more than $40,000 a year in the U.S. Health insurance companies pay part of the cost and patients pay the balance. 13People working to stop the spread of AIDS are interested in the Sunlenca shots. But they are concerned that Gilead has not agreed on a lower price for those who need the shots the most. 14"Gilead has a tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic," said Winnie Byanyima. She is executive director of the Geneva-based UNAIDS. 15She said the U.N. AIDS agency urged Gilead to share Sunlenca's patent with a U.N. program. The program's goal is to let generic drugmakers manufacture low-cost versions of drugs for poor countries. 16Dr. Helen Bygrave of Doctors Without Borders said in a statement that the injections could "reverse the epidemic if it is made available in the countries with the highest rate of new infections." She urged Gilead to publish a lower price for Sunlenca that all countries could pay. 17In other research presented at the AIDS conference, Andrew Hill of the University of Liverpool and others said the drug's price would go down. They estimated that once production of Sunlenca is expanded to treat 10 million people, the price would fall to about $40 per treatment. 18He said it was important for health officials to get Sunlenca as soon as possible. "This is about as close as you can get to an HIV vaccine," Hill said. 19Gilead said it would seek a "voluntary licensing program." It said a small number of generic producers would be permitted to make the drug. 20In a statement last month, Gilead said it was too early to say how much Sunlenca would cost in poorer countries. Dr. Jared Baeten is a product development official with Gilead. He said the company was already talking to generic drugmakers and understood how "deeply important it is that we move at speed." 21Byanyima said many groups need long-lasting protection from HIV infection. They include women and girls who are victims of violence and homosexual men in countries where homosexuality is criminalized. 22UNAIDS says that in 2022 46 percent of new HIV infections in the world were in women and girls. In Africa, females are three times more likely to get HIV than males, the U.N. group said. 23Recently, UNAIDS released a report on the state of the HIV epidemic. It said that fewer people were infected with HIV in 2023 than at any time since the late 1980s. 24The U.N. says HIV infects about 1.3 million people every year and kills more than 600,000, mainly in Africa. While much progress has been made in Africa, HIV infections are rising in Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. 25And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. 26I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Jill Robbins. 27Maria Cheng and Gerald Imray reported this story for The Associated Press. Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English. 28_____________________________________________ 29Words in This Story 30stigma -n. something that people feel ashamed about 31trajectory -n. the direction that something is going 32epidemic -n. when an infectious disease spreads over a population in a wide area 33patent -n. protection for the legal owner of a process or product against having intellectual property copies or stolen 34generic -adj. not sold under a brand name; a manufactured product that is not protected by a patent 35licensing -n. the legal process of permitting the production of a product protected by patent law by a company that does not own the patent 36homosexual -adj. the state of being sexually interested in the same sex 37We want to hear from you. What are your thoughts on this topic? In the Comments section, you can also practice using any of the expressions from the story. Our comment policy is here.